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When mastitis is identified in a cow’s quarter(s), it is important to identify the pathogen causing the infection because different categories of pathogens require different management strategies. Without a diagnosis, there is no way to know if a given antibiotic will work. However, once you know the infection agent, a dairy farmer can work with his or her veterinarian to target an effective treatment plan. Prudent use of antibiotics reduces the likelihood of resistant pathogens developing and can reduce the duration of treatment a cow may need which decreases operation costs.
The main bacteria responsible for causing mastitis can be divided into two categories: contagious and environmental.
Contagious bacteria
Bovine Diagnostics
With contagious bacteria, the dairy cow serves as the host and bacteria are transferred from a cow with an infected udder to a healthy cow. The bacteria are often spread cow-to-cow during milking procedures via the milking machine, a milker’s hands or a reused milking towel. Bacterial transfer can also occur from cow-to-cow if milk leakage occurs from the udder into the stall.
The major contagious pathogens include:
Staphylococcus aureus
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS)
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus dysgalactiae
Mycoplasma bovis
Mycoplasma spp.
Corynebacterium bovis
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